Yusuf: Namaste Acharyaji, I would please like you to give me translation of Rig Veda 10:125:1-8 (Om aham rudrebhir vasubhish charamyaham…) I would please also like you to explain in the translation meaning of rudra, indra, agni, aditya, vishva deva, varun, ashvin etc. It is very
difficult for me to get translation of this hymn. Also I would like translation of 10:127:1-8 (om ratri vyakhyadhayatee purutra…) what is meant by ratri also please include in translation. I thank you from my heart and respect to you. Pranaam
Swami Ram Swarup: Yusuf bhai ji, salaam. Yusuf bhai, the work is lengthy, however,
I will devote time and translate all the mantras, but it will take, at least 10-15 days because I’m completely busy in whole day’s routine life of spiritualism. However, now I’m sending you the idea of each mantra as under:-
Rigved mantra 10/125/1:-
AHAM RUDREBHIRVASUBHISHCHARAMYAHAMADITYAIRUTA VISHVADEVAIHI.
AHAM MITRAVARUNNOBHA BIBHARMYAHAMINDRAGNEE AHAMASHVINOBHA.
Idea – The devta (subject-matter) of all mantras is –“Aambhrinni Vaak”. ‘Aambhrinnaha’ means ‘of most Supreme, Almighty God’. ‘Vaak’ means “Power of knowledge”. Meaning of “Aambhrinni Vaak” will be the Power of knowledge (Gyan Shakti) of most Supreme God. In all the mantras,
word “Aham” has been used. Here, the meaning of word Aham (pronoun) indicates the power of knowledge of God. Shwetashwataropnishad Shloka 6/8 states that divine knowledge, power and deeds of God act naturally and automatically. The said three matters of God are unlimited.
Therefore divine power of knowledge of God is also unlimited and acts automatically, at a stipulated time in all matters and deeds etc.
Here, Yajurved mantra 31/4 also clarifies stating- “Padasya Abhavat Punaha” i.e., only 1/4th part of power and knowledge of God creates, nurses and destroys and commands over the universe, automatically at a stipulated time, in all the cases. I mean to say, God is so powerful (wields unlimited power of all kinds) that God Himself needs not to create, nurse, destroy and command the universe but His power (knowledge and deeds etc.,) is enough to do the same. Idea of the mantra is Representative of God i.e., the power of knowledge holds the eight Vasu, eleven Rudras, twelve Aditya i.e., twelve months, fire,electric, days and nights, dyulok i.e., celestial bodies emitting
light, prithvilok i.e., earth. As regards Rudra, Vasu etc., I paste my article below:-
Non-alive thirty-three devtas
Eight vasus- prithivi, vaayu, surya, aakash, chandrama, nakshatre, jal, agni. Twelve adityas i.e., twelve months. Eleven rudras i.e., ten prannas and one soul. Prajapati and Indra.
No doubt, it seems quite weird to the people that how the knowledge of God can hold vasu etc.
In the Rigved mantra asked by you, meaning of ‘Aham’ is the power of knowledge of Almighty God to create, nurse, destroy, command etc., over the universe. ‘To nurse’ means the power of God holds the universe i.e., why above quoted Rigved mantra 10/125/1, symbolically states that the power of Almighty God, which is also a representative of God (symbolically) holds {creates and nurses} above quoted all the matters like eight vasu, etc.
Similarly, in the second mantra the said power of Almighty God holds the moon, sun, air and Yajyen and the learned persons who perform the Yajyen are satisfied with the power. The said power also holds the soul of yajmaan (learned person who performs daily Yajyen with ved
mantras) here “ holds” means that power takes care of him. In the third mantra it is said that the said power is the Lord of the universe. The power gives wealth. She (power) teaches the process of
performing the divine deed- Yajyen. Learned of Vedas describe it in several forms/shape.
In the mantra four, it is preached that the power of the knowledge of God is realized in the shape of eating, seeing, listening. But those who donot adopt it in life ,they are destroyed. Idea of 5th mantra is – said power of God makes the ordinary people learned ‘Brahma’ ( who knows and follows four Vedas), Rishi (who attain Samadhi by following vedic path and doing hard practice of Ashtang Yog and thus see the ved mantras within themselves) and give pure intellect. Idea is this that those who attain the preach of learned Rishi-Muni and follow Vedic path, they get the above quoted divine qualities.
Idea of mantra six is that the persons who hate and are against the learned of Vedas, for those, the said power of God fights against them. The said power resides everywhere i.e., in dyulok (celestial
bodies emitting light) and prithivilok (earth). Here, the meaning of “fight” is that such persons are awarded with punishment by the power, automatically (being result of their bad deeds).
Idea of the mantra 7 is – the said power creates the sun which is shinning in the sky. Its residence is in every atom (subtlest particles), in space, in entire universe etc., being Omnipresent. The
said power causes rain, from the clouds.
Idea of the mantra 8 is – the said power of God acts like a blowing wind to create the universe. It resides even above the said dyulok and prithivilok.
Meanings of Rudra, Indra etc., are distinct, therefore are considered based on the respective ved mantras in which those are used. For example meanings of ‘Sandhav’ in Sanskrit are two i.e., salt and horse. Now, correct meaning is chosen from the sentences from where it is used. If a master asks his servant to bring sandhav when he is taking food on a dining table then if his servant is learned he’ll bring salt and not horse. Similarly, if the master is ready for horse-riding and waiting for horse and asks the servant to bring sandhav then learned servant will bring horse and not salt.
Similarly, Rudra used in Yajurved mantra 16/1 shows the meaning of Rudra as king who shows his anger to the criminals. In other mantras, Rudra means God who gives punishment and makes the criminals to cry/weep. In some mantras, meaning of Rudra is vital airs and soul because when soul and vital airs, goes out of the body then the relatives of dead person start weeping, etc.
Agni- means God, learned acharya and corporal fire according to ved mantras. For example- Rigved mantra 1/1/1 states – Agnim Eedey Purohitam…………..
In the mantra, the adjective used shows the divine qualities of God. So, here Agni means – Almighty God.
Similarly, in some mantras, the meaning of Agni differs from above meaning. Aditya means God, sun, learned acharya etc., according to ved mantras. For example:- Yajurved mantra 31/18 is – vedahametum purusham mahantum aditya+varnnam i.e.,(etum) the God (described in previous
mantras) Who is (mahantum) most supreme (Aditya +varnnam) here aditya means whose form is like sun i.e., sun has light so the God is also from of light. That is why, name of God here is aditya.
In other mantras, meaning of Aditya is a person who maintains brahamcharya upto the age of 33 years etc. Similarly, in Rigved mantra 5/51/13 the meaning of vishwa deva is (vishwe) all (deva) learned of Vedas.
In Rigved mantra 1/24/15 the meaning of varunn is “acceptable God” according to this mantra. It may differ in other mantras according to description of qualities in the mantra.
Similarly, the meaning of ashwin is omnipresent God.
10/127/1 – ‘Aayati Ratrihi’ coming night “devi” here Devi means which gives us i.e., night gives us time to sleep, rest/comfort etc. In the night moon generates juices in the vegetation making them succulent and nutritive. So, here the night is being called devi. ’Akshibhihi’ with eyes i.e., eyes in the shape of planets (stars, moon etc.).
(Vyakhyet) distinctly portrays/shows herself {the night} (adhi-adhit) she holds within her (vishwaha) all (shriyaha) beauty/splendour. Meaning :- the coming night with eyes i.e., with planets distinctly portrays/shows herself. She holds within her all beauty/splendour.
Idea:- when night comes, she shows her presence through planets. That is why, we say that moon and stars have risen/are seen in night. The beauty of planets can only be seen in night, tiredness of human beings gets over during night. The flowers of all trees are also developed at night only. That is why, it is said night holds all beauty within her. Please note that devta subject matter of all mantras is ‘night’.
Second mantra :- idea:- the process of coming of night is eternal, it starts right from the beginning of earth. It is Omnipresent for the places at higher and lower attitudes and shows them equally in a
uniform shape.
The night makes all human beings able to take sound sleep to get energy for the next day to work.
Mantra 3 :- Idea:- when night comes then it is followed by cooperative usha (dawn). When dawn comes, the darkness of night starts vanishing way. The beauty of dawn rests on the night.
Idea of mantra 4 is :- the night is beneficial for all living-beings whose coming makes the living beings to reach the residence, to retire there in peace. Like the birds entering their nests in the dusk.
Idea of the mantra 5 is :- in the mantra ,it is preached that all humans, animals, birds should take sound sleep in the night to remove tiredness.
Idea of the mantra 6 is:- In the night, the humans take sleep, then wolves etc., carnivores and other animals and thieves may disturb us . So, the time of night is made by God to enter into the house and get sleep.
Idea of the mantra 7 is :- when dawn starts coming then the darkness of night starts vanishing away. This also finishes the tensions of darkness in our mind. It awakens us.
Idea of the mantra 8 is:- the night is like the daughter of sun. We must welcome it, we should perform agnihotra/Yajyen by offering aahutis to get victory over several diseases.
So, in nutshell the night has all facilities for all human beings, as quoted above.
I heartily pray to God for your well-being.
